Development plan · Kildare County Council
Kildare County Development Plan 2023–2029 — Chapter 5: Sustainable Mobility and Transport
One part of the council's development plan written statement, which the council publishes in parts. Variations adopted since are not in this text.
Kildare County Council · 2023–2029 · 64 pages
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- TM A26 Require the preparation of a Road Safety Audit as part of any proposed development/project of a significant scale which may have potential implications on major transport infrastructure. Such assessments shall be in accordance with the Transport Infrastructure Ireland publications ‘Road Safety Audit, GE-STY-01024, (Dec 2017) and Road Safety Audit Guidelines, GE-STY-01027, (Dec 2017). 5.11 Parking The Development Management Standards set out in Chapter 15 of this Plan set out maximum car parking standards. This affords a degree of flexibility and allows developers to submit a car parking analysis of a particular area to demonstrate the supply and demand for car parking spaces. An area-based approach will be taken to assess the analysis of car parking depending on the nature and location of the development and its proximity to public transport where possible. There is scope within the car parking standards as set out to consider the requirements of each site. According to the NTA Draft Transport Strategy for the Greater Dublin Area 2022-2042, the supply and management of parking at destinations is central to the management of travel demand. Limiting the availability of parking spaces and/or increasing the cost of parking will encourage the use of sustainable modes of transport and reduce traffic congestion. The Climate Action Plan (2021) commits to increase the fleet of Electric Vehicles and low emitting vehicles (LEVs) on the road to 945,000 in Ireland by 2030. This fleet is stated to comprise of 845,000 electric passenger cars, 95,000 electric vans, 3,500 low emitting trucks and 1,500 electric buses. In order to encourage the uptake of electric vehicles the installation of charging points across the county will be prioritised. Policy It is the policy of the Council to: TM P10 Balance the demand for parking against the need to promote more sustainable forms of transport, to limit traffic congestion and to protect the quality of the public realm from the physical impact of parking, while meeting the needs of businesses and communities. Objectives It is an objective of the Council to: TM O110 Design car parking layouts in accordance with the Design Manual for Urban Roads and Streets (2019) and ensure that car parking, including the provision of fully accessible EV charging facilities, do not detract from the comfort and safety of pedestrians and cyclists or the attractiveness of the landscape. TM O111 All non-residential development proposals will be subject to maximum car parking standards (and minimum cycle parking standards) and all residential development proposals in areas within walking distances of town centres (800 metres i.e. a 10-minute walk) and high-capacity public transport services (including but not limited to DART+ services, Bus178
- Connects routes and any designated bus only/ bus priority route) will be subject to maximum car parking standards (and minimum cycle parking standards) as a limitation to restrict car parking provision and achieve modal shifts to sustainable modes of transport. TM O112 Consider car parking limits on an area wide basis, where appropriate, in locations where the highest density of development occurs. TM O113 The quantum of car parking or the requirements for any such provision for apartment developments will have regard to the proximity and accessibility to urban locations, public transport and employment locations as outlined in the Sustainable Urban Housing: Design Standards for New Apartments (2020). TM O114 Seek to reduce the level of on-street parking with a view to the reallocation of the roadspace to sustainable modes and to investigate the feasibility of delivering parking on suitable backland sites that would not jeopardise the vitality and vibrancy of the relevant town/village centre, while also ensuring the needs of persons with disabilities are met. TM O115 Minimise the impact of out-of-town parking on urban regeneration by ensuring adequate active transport infrastructure and/or public transport services between parking facilities and urban centres such as Naas, Newbridge, Maynooth etc. TM O116 Facilitate, along with the NTA and TII, the conversion of the private car fleet to electric in the following ways: • Providing public charging points at key destinations such as public car parks, Park and Ride facilities, on-street in town centres, and public parks; • Ensuring that where car parking is proposed as part of all new developments either public or private, provision is made for all spaces to be dedicated over time to electric cars with provision for charging infrastructure built-in from the outset; • Providing significantly expanded electric car charging facilities at service stations on the national road network; • Ensuring provision is made for fast charging points at service stations and public carparks in order to make provision for a shorter charging time than domestic charging; • Ensuring that charging infrastructure does not encroach on footpaths or otherwise compromise the free movement of pedestrians, cyclists and public transport. • Ensuring EV charging points are accessible to all, where possible. TM O117 Support the Government’s targets for electric vehicles on roads by prioritising parking for Electric Vehicles (EVs) in central locations, by supporting the provision of charging facilities on public and private land. Ensure a future proofed approach to the rollout of EV charging infrastructure by means of planning decisions by applying the following requirements of the EU (Energy Performance of Buildings) Regulations179
- 2021 (S.I. 393 2021) for Electric Vehicle recharging infrastructure: • New buildings or buildings undergoing major renovations (other than a dwelling) shall install at least one recharging point and ducting infrastructure for at least one in every 5 car parking spaces to enable the subsequent installation of recharging points for electric vehicles. • New buildings or buildings undergoing major renovations (containing one or more than one dwelling), which has more than 10 car parking spaces, shall install ducting infrastructure for each car parking space to enable the subsequent installation of recharging points for electric vehicles. TM O118 Ensure the electrical wiring that developers install for all new residential units includes a double socket Home Charge Point for Electric Vehicles in order to comply with the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) Triple E Register and to promote the use of night-time renewable electricity in transport. In this regard developers shall provide for within curtilage/driveway car parking unless otherwise agreed in writing with the Planning Authority. TM O119 Ensure car parking particularly parking associated with retail areas is designed in such a manner as to reduce visual impact and promote carbon sequestration, green infrastructure, and nature-based surface water drainage solutions by requiring: • The landscape design to include planting of trees and pollinator species to be undertaken by an appropriately qualified Landscape Architect and in collaboration with an appropriately qualified ecologist to ensure the biodiversity in the general area will support European Sites; • The construction details for the root zones of the proposed trees in accordance with best practice and to specify which locations utilise systems such as ‘root barriers’ to avoid future conflict between roots, roads, footpath surfaces and underground utility services; • The provision of not more than two parallel or five perpendicular spaces between trees/planting bays; and • The use of permeable paving, where appropriate. TM O120 Promote appropriate parking arrangements for specific user requirements including age friendly parking, hidden disabled, disabled parking, bicycle parking and motorcycle parking in towns, public transport nodes and other destinations. TM O121 Where appropriate, to require the provision of HGV parking facilities at motorway service areas, fuel filling stations, new industrial developments and other appropriate locations within the County. TM O122 Support car sharing initiatives as part of new housing developments and workplaces. TM O123 Facilitate the provision of appropriately sized bus parking facilities at appropriate locations in all towns (Key Towns, Self-Sustaining Growth Towns and Self-Sustaining Towns).180
- Action It is an action of the Council to: TM A27 Prepare parking strategies and investigate the appropriate locations for car parking facilities within the county. The locations of such facilities can be identified where appropriate through the Local Area Plan process. 5.12 Public Lighting The appropriate lighting of our road network can positively contribute to a reduction in both the number and the severity of road traffic accidents. The application of adequate lighting and using the appropriate light source provides an increase in personal safety, particularly for vulnerable road users. With recent technological advances in street lighting more energy efficient solutions are now available in order to reduce revenue costs and minimise impacts on the environment. Good street lighting can enhance the night time environment which helps promote the night time economy as activities in towns continue beyond dusk and into the later hours. Policy It is the policy of the Council to: TM P11 Ensure street lighting is provided in accordance with Kildare County Councils ‘Street Lighting and Planning Guidance’ policy document in either draft or adopted form. The document outlines the general principles and requirements for street lighting in the county. Objectives It is an objective of the Council to: TM O124 Expand the existing public lighting network and ensure that all new developments are provided with adequate public lighting for the safety of all pedestrians, cyclists and minority groups. Such lighting networks shall have regard for protected species such as bats which can potentially be affected by lighting systems. The Lux, wavelength and TTC28 (Total Transfer Capability) will be considered in the selection of appropriate lighting. TM O125 Ensure that landscape proposals detail public lighting locations and that proposed street lighting is not compromised by tree planting. The landscape proposals should ensure that the trees are planted a sufficient distance from public lighting so that when the canopy matures it does not cover the light standard. 28 Total Transfer Capability (TTC): The amount of electric power that can be transferred over the interconnected transmission network in a reliable manner while meeting all of a specific set of defined pre-‐ and post-‐contingency system conditions181
- TM O126 Remove all inappropriate and unnecessary street lighting and cabling and ensure future street lighting installations do not adversely impact sensitive physical, environmental, natural and heritage resources within the county. TM O127 Ensure that all new street lighting is provided in accordance with best practice guidelines and standards in terms of the type of lighting columns, lantern types, lighting class, lux levels and LEDs being provided. The ‘white light’ delivered by LED lights will provide greater colour rendering and provide sharper contrast and improved safety for road users. TM O128 Explore the possibility of providing solar powered lighting for new street lighting schemes, where appropriate. TM O129 Consider replacing sodium lights with Smart LEDs and motion sensors and deploying Central Management Systems, to improve the efficiency of the existing public lighting assets in order to minimise electricity usage as upgrades or improvements occur. TM O130 Ensure that the design of external lighting schemes minimises the incidence of light spillage or pollution in the immediate surrounding environment and has due regard to the residential amenity of surrounding areas and the need to mitigate adverse impacts on sensitive fauna and protected species. Action It is an action of the Council to: TM A28 Require that any lighting design strategies to be developed to minimise impacts on biodiversity. The chosen luminaires should have an optimum light control and a tightly controlled distribution to minimise light spillage or pollution outside of the immediate site area and potential impact on biodiversity in particular navigation routes and natural habitats. Cowls/shields should be utilised to provide directional lighting. In general lighting luminaires should be positioned to avoid up-lighting where possible. Consideration should be taken regarding lux level, wavelength and Total Transfer Capability (TTC) so as to avoid any potential harmful impacts on protected species such as bats. TM A29 Require the undergrounding of wiring for public lights as part of all appropriate infrastructural projects.182
- M7 M9 M4 R448 N7 Athy Maynooth Monasterevin Newbridge Kildare Kilcullen Celbridge Leixlip Castledermot Eustace Ballymore Carbury Johnstown Bridge Clane Allenwood Rathangan Fontstown Crookstown Prosperous M7 R148 M4 M7 M7 M9 Killkea Ballynadrumny Moyvalley CadamstownClogharinka Grange Kilshanchoe Cloncurry Timahoe Donadea Staplestown Mainham Cooleragh Lullymore Killinthomas Milltown Allen Kilmeage Robertstown Carragh Sallins Straffan Kill Johnstown Furness Kilteel Punchestown R418 R417 R415 R415 R417 R427 R428 R418 R747 R410 R411 R412 R448 R413 R412 R413 R416 R445 R416 R413 R413 R415 R415 R401 R448 R409 R407 R403 R414 R401 R419 R414 R424 R403 R402 R402 R401 R407 R406 R405 R403 R403 R148 R157 R148 N7 R445 M7 M7R417 Knocknacree Graney Maganey Timolin Moone Ardscull Colbinstown Kilgowan Narraghmore Calverstown Boley Kilberry Nurney Kildangan Suncroft Old Kilcullen Brannockstown Milemill Curragh camp Athgarvan Corbally Cherryville Lackagh Ballyfair Derrinturn Kilcock R445 R408 M4 M4 R148 R158 R125 R449 R403 R404 R448 Ballitore M9 R448 Motorway National Primary Regional Road Legend: R447 Railway Line R408 National Secondary N81 N81 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.Km N78 R747 R418 R418 Burtown Naas Date: Scale: N.T.S. Map Ref.: V1-5.1 Drawing No.: 200/22/1346 This drawing is to be read in conjunction with the written statement Ordnance Survey Ireland data reproduced under OSi Licence number CYAL50250173 © Ordnance Survey Ireland/Government of Ireland/Kildare County Council Checked by: L Crawford Drawn by: M O'Loughlin Approved by: C O'Donnell Date: 28/01/2023Date: 28/01/2023 DescriptionDateStage January 2023 Date: 28/01/2023 Kildare County Council Planning & Strategic Development Department Áras Chill Dara, Devoy Park, Naas, Co Kildare. h ca e n s i Msug a a mn aeM County Development Plan 2023 - 2029 Road and Rail Network CDP 2023 2029 OUR KILDARE OUR PLAN 09/12/2022 County Development Plan Plan Adopted By Elected Members 28/01/2023 Date the Plan comes into effect County Development Plan183
- 5.13 Aviation 5.13.1 Introduction This section of the Plan describes aviation-related planning considerations, and the restrictions on development that may apply in the vicinity of aerodromes located within or close to County Kildare. It is a responsibility of the Irish Aviation Authority (In relation to licensed aerodromes and to aviation in general), when notified, to evaluate planning applications which might affect the safe and efficient navigation of aircraft, and to advise the Council of potential hazards to air navigation; and it is a responsibility of the Department of Defence to advise on such matters in regard to Casement Aerodrome and military aviation. 5.13.2 Aerodrome Safeguarding, ‘Obstacle Limitation Surfaces’, and ‘Shielding’ ICAO “Annex 14” Safeguarding requirements in the vicinity of aerodromes are set out by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in the Standards and Recommended Practices in its “Annex 14” document. As of 2017, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), also sets out similar standards in its “Certification Specifications”, which apply to Ireland’s regional and international airports. Weston, Kilrush and Gowran Grange aerodromes all remain under ICAO “Annex 14” Standards and Recommended Practices, and the Department of Defence has opted to apply these ICAO Standards at Casement military aerodrome. Weston Airport is of a size that could come under EASA certification requirements, but it is temporarily exempted due to low traffic figures, and at present remains under ICAO “Annex 14” Standards. The current ICAO “Annex 14” Standards and Recommended Practices have been extensively revised at the end of 2018, bringing them in line with the new EASA Aerodrome Certification Specifications of 2017. The principal difference which affects the Kildare County Development Plan (CDP) is a narrowing (by 10m to each side) of the Approach Surfaces and Flight Strips for larger aerodromes (e.g. Casement), but smaller aerodromes (including Weston) are currently unaffected. ‘Shielding’ In assessing permissible heights in relation to the ICAO ‘obstacle limitation surfaces’ the principle of ‘shielding’ (as defined by ICAO) may be relevant, in particular in elevated areas such as the vicinity of Kilteel, where existing objects, and the land itself, project above these obstacle limitation surfaces. The IAA also provide guidance on ‘shielding’. This principle allows that (subject to aeronautical analysis) an existing tall ‘obstacle’ – whether a building, mast, aerial, tree, or the ground itself – which is located nearer to the relevant runway, may provide a ‘shielding’ for another new object behind it which rises to the same elevation OD. A diagram to explain the various ICAO and EASA obstacle limitation surfaces is included below as Figure 5.10.184
- Figure 5.10 - Diagram to explain the various ICAO and EASA obstacle limitation surfaces 5.13.3 Public Safety Zones To more accurately make provision for the protection of people on the ground, the former prohibition on new development in the immediate vicinity of runway thresholds is transferred to new Public Safety Zones extending from the ends of runways at all aerodromes in Kildare. At all aerodromes in Kildare, Public Safety Zones (of tapering triangular shape) are being provided in lieu of previous (trapezium-shaped) ‘red’ zones. These are of 1000m length by 100m width, within which no new development involving human occupancy will be permitted. An additional Outer Public Safety Zone (of 2000m length by 200m width) is also being provided – in coordination with South Dublin – at the ends of Weston’s Runway & Stopway, within which human occupancy will be limited. For Weston Airport, located in two counties (and for Casement Aerodrome, which affects Kildare), the same changes are being applied in South Dublin. Pending more detailed review, the maximum occupancy numbers to be permitted in this Outer Public Safety Zone will be the same as applied within other Outer Public Safety Zones in Ireland (e.g. at Dublin Airport), and these occupancies are listed in Objective TM O143 below.185
- 5.13.4 Airport/Aircraft Noise Aircraft noise may affect areas around aerodromes & helipads and under flight paths. Maximum permitted aircraft noise levels are set by ICAO and EASA, with limits and methods of calculation for each classification of aircraft set out in ICAO’s ‘Annex 16 – Environmental Protection Volume 1: Aircraft Noise.’ Compliance with Annex 16 noise standards is regulated within the EU by the European Aviation Safety Agency and within individual States by the aircraft registration authorities (i.e. by the IAA for Irish registered [“EI”-reg] aircraft). Environmentally incompatible development should be avoided in areas where high aviation noise is to be expected (such as within the noise contour around Weston). This would include hospitals, nursing homes, conference centres, schools, kindergartens, and some agricultural uses (such as stud farms and poultry farms). 5.13.5 Terms and Definition Runway A rectangular on an airfield prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft, which may be paved or of mown grass surface. Stopway (as in Kildare at Weston) Defined by ICAO as a rectangular area at the end of a “Take-off Run Available” prepared as a suitable area in which an aircraft can be stopped in the case of an abandoned take-off. In effect a Stopway is a physical surface which increases the “Accelerate-stop distance available” (ASDA). Clearway Defined by ICAO as a rectangular area on the ground (or water) under the control of the appropriate authority, prepared as a suitable area over which an aeroplane may make a portion of its initial climb to a specified height. [It can be of greater length than a Stopway in the same location, and it is not a physical paved surface but is a wide clear airspace which increases the “take-off distance available” (TODA)]. Aerodrome Reference Codes Aerodrome Reference Codes [1, 2, 3 or 4] refer to the field length(s) of aerodromes /airports (i.e. runway length available). Code 1 = field length less than 800m (e.g. Kilrush), Code 2 = field length 800-1199m (e.g. Weston), Code 3 = field length 1200- 1799m, and Code 4 = any field length greater than 1800m (e.g. Casement). For the different aerodrome codes, different ‘obstacle limitation surface’ dimensions apply. Department of Defence Casement Aerodrome at Baldonnell (being a military aerodrome) does not fall under the control of the IAA. However, ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices are generally applied as policy by the Department of Defence at Casement Aerodrome.186
- 5.13.6 Other Aviation Considerations at/around Aerodromes Navigational Equipment & Telecommunications (See also Chapter 7 – Energy & Communications) Additional aeronautical restrictions may arise in relation to existing Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) facilities (such as DVOR/DME facilities at Weston and Casement Aerodromes). The IAA provides guidance as to potential interference with such CNS facilities by proposed developments. 5G masts or other electronic or telecommunications infrastructure, and wind turbines, can have potential for interference with such aviation CNS equipment, and may require assessment and mitigation measures if located close to such equipment. In addition, metallic-clad surfaces in the vicinity of such CNS equipment may cause interference due to wave reflection. Cranes During Construction, and Use of Lasers and Drones Temporary structures, such as cranes used during construction, must also be assessed in relation to the ICAO (or EASA) obstacle limitation surfaces, and notified as necessary in advance to the IAA and relevant aerodrome operator. This applies in particular to tower cranes which may extend to a considerable height above a proposed development (and well above the 45m height of an Inner Horizontal Surface). Use of lasers can significantly affect pilot vision and use of lasers in approach or takeoff areas should be avoided (except by prior agreement with the aerodrome operator). Drones can be a significant hazard in the vicinity of aerodromes, and the operation of drones in controlled airspace and the vicinity of aerodromes is regulated by the IAA, who also provide guidance on drone use. Bird Strike Hazard The Irish Aviation Authority recommends that development which may attract birds, such as, inter alia, refuse tips, sewage works, reservoir, wetlands, nature reserves, or major planting schemes such as rubbish dumps, should not be located within 13km of Casement Aerodrome, or within 8km of Weston, and avoided under all runway approaches. Smoke, Dust, Steam or Thermal-plume Producing Activities Smoke, dust, steam, or thermal-plume-generating activities, such as quarrying, mineral extraction, power plants, or other industrial development which could hinder visibility, should be assessed or avoided under the approaches to runways. Wind Turbines & Wind Farms (See also Wind Energy in Chapter 7) Wind turbines and wind farms can be en-route hazards to aviation, especially in the vicinity of an aerodrome, or on its approaches, or on elevated ground. They can also interfere with navigational and broadcasting equipment, including radar. All turbines determined to be obstacles to aviation after aviation study (including, per IAA guidance, any in excess of 90m above ground) must be provided with aviation warning obstacle lights in accordance with ICAO (or EASA) requirements and must be identified on aviation charts. Additional lighting provisions will be necessary for turbines extending above 150m, and infra-red lighting – compatible with night-vision goggles – will187
Source Kildare County Council: Kildare County Development Plan 2023–2029 — Chapter 5: Sustainable Mobility and Transport (2023–2029) · Licence the publisher's termsText read from the publisher’s PDF; tables, maps and drawings do not survive as text, and page numbers are the PDF’s (its first page is 1). Check the original before relying on a passage.