Monaghan County Development Plan 2025–2031

1. Page 151

   Cite this pagePDF p. 151 (opens the publisher’s copy in a new tab)
   149 heritage, conservation and landscapechapter 06 ACP 1 To resist development that would adversely affect the character and appearance of the Architectural Conservation Areas. New development or alterations to existing building(s) in an Architectural Conservation Areas shall reflect the historic architecture in terms of scale, design and materials used. Regard shall be had to any objectives contained in the character appraisals (where applicable). ACP 2 To implement and comply with the relevant guidance for Architectural Conservation Areas in relation to proposals for development. ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION AREAS POLICIES TABLE 6.10 ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION AREAS, CARRICKMACROSS TOWN Location Feature of Interest Main Street Important urban space Courthouse Square Fine urban space Market Square Important urban space St. Josephs’s Terrace (Weymouth Cottages) Bath Estate Stone Cottage Farney Street Facades TABLE 6.11 ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION AREAS, CLONES TOWN Location Feature of Interest Mc Curtain Street (from Diamond to Ball Alley) Fine 19th Century Streetscapes Diamond Important urban space Ball Alley Location of number of archaeological monuments TABLE 6.9 ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION AREAS, MONAGHAN TOWN Location Feature of Interest Market Street (No’s 18-26) Terrace of buildings Hill Street (No’s 12-20) Row of Protected Structures Mill Street (No’s 1,2 & 14-20) Important streetscape North Road (No’s 17-18,21-22) Important buildings within the streetscape Dublin Street (No’s 15,31-50, 58,59, 63,64) Important buildings within the streetscape Park Street (No’s 6-24) Important buildings within the streetscape Glaslough Street (No’s 3-5, 12,77,84-87,94-98) Important buildings within the streetscape The Diamond Important urban space and focal area Church Square Important urban space and focal area Belgium Park & Square Stone built houses Plantation Terrace Terrace of single storey dwellings

2. Page 152

   Cite this pagePDF p. 152 (opens the publisher’s copy in a new tab)
   150 TABLE 6.12 ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION AREAS, GLASLOUGH Location Feature of Interest Glaslough Village Historic Village TABLE 6.13 PROPOSED ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION AREAS Location Feature of Interest Castleblayney Market Square Monaghan County Development Plan 2025 – 2031 6.18 ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE Archaeological remains provide important evidence of past societies and the environment they inhabited. These resources are finite and once lost cannot be replaced. For this reason, great importance should be given to their protection, preservation and to the enhancement of their archaeological interest where possible. County Monaghan has a rich archaeological heritage of rock art, earthworks, ringforts, cairns, crannogs, burial grounds, as well as items of industrial archaeology such as mills, remnants of the Great Northern Railway and the Ulster Canal. Particularly significant archaeological sites include the bronze age rock art site at Drumirril, close to Inniskeen; the Iron Age Black Pigs Dyke which stretches for almost 10km close to Scotshouse; and the cairn at Mullyash, east of Castleblayney. There is also a rich heritage of early medieval church sites, associated with various Irish saints. Archaeological remains can be visible over ground such as earthworks and stone monuments; others are buried (underground) such as foundations, ditches and burial sites, these may only be evident through investigation such as survey or excavation. 6.18.1 RECORD OF MONUMENTS AND PLACES (RMP) All known recorded monuments (and any new archaeological discoveries) are protected under Section 12 of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act, 1994. The Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) is an inventory of all known archaeological monuments and sites in the County and is available for inspection in the Planning Offices and the County Library. There are approximately 1365 known Recorded Monuments in the County at present. A list of all known Recorded Monuments and Places is provided in Appendix 4. In addition, there are 7 National Monuments in state control. The main threat to archaeological sites in recent years has been the growth in large scale developments such as road building, quarrying, industrial development and afforestation. PMPO 1 To safeguard and enhance archaeological monuments, town defences, medieval structures, historic graveyards, industrial heritage, battlefields, national monuments, and heritage sites that offer tangible historical evidence. PMPO 2 To encourage and facilitate suitable forms of access, including disabled access, to archaeological sites and/or the provision of appropriate signage, interpretive material, and virtual access options. PMPO 3 To promote understanding and appreciation of archaeological and cultural heritage. PROTECTED MONUMENTS AND PLACES OBJECTIVES

3. Page 153

   Cite this pagePDF p. 153 (opens the publisher’s copy in a new tab)
   151 heritage, conservation and landscapechapter 06 PMPO 4 To identify the built and archaeological heritage in Monaghan County Council ownership and those at risk from climate change, and to undertake climate change vulnerability assessments for the historic structures and sites in the County where necessary. PMPO 5 To contribute, as appropriate, towards the protection of archaeological heritage, in particular by implementing the relevant provisions of the Planning and Development Act 2000 (as amended) and the National Monuments Act, 1930 (as amended). PMPO 6 To identify Archaeological sites in the Plan area to which public access could be provided or improved, where appropriate in consultation with landowners. PMPO 7 To contribute, as appropriate, towards the protection of archaeological sites and monuments and their settings, archaeological objects and underwater archaeological sites that are listed in: a) Those contained within the Sites and Monuments Record maintained by the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. b) Those contained within the Register of Historic Monuments. c) National Monuments subject to Preservation Orders under the National Monuments Acts and those in ownership or guardianship of the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage. d) Archaeological objects within the meaning of the National Monuments Acts. e) Archaeological features not yet identified but which may be impacted on by development. f) Those which have been identified subsequent to the publication of the Record of Monuments and Places. PROTECTED MONUMENTS AND PLACES OBJECTIVES PMP 1 Development adjacent to an archaeological monument or site will only be acceptable where it is sited in a manner which minimises the impact on the monument and its setting. Development which is likely to have an adverse impact upon an archaeological monument or site or its setting shall be resisted. PMP 2 To protect archaeological sites and monuments which are listed in the in Appendix 4, Recorded Monuments, (and any subsequent additions by the National Monuments Service) and to require their preservation in situ (or at a minimum preservation by record) through the planning process. PMP 3 To protect the setting of archaeological sites and monuments which are listed in the Record of Monuments and Places in Appendix 4 (and any subsequent additions by the National Monuments Service) from being adversely impacted upon, co-operating with all of the recommendations of statutory bodies in the achievement of this objective. PROTECTED MONUMENTS AND PLACES POLICIES

4. Page 154

   Cite this pagePDF p. 154 (opens the publisher’s copy in a new tab)
   Monaghan County Development Plan 2025 – 2031 152 6.19 HISTORIC HOUSES AND DESIGNED LANDSCAPES Estate houses or “Big Houses” as they became known were physical representations of the system of land ownership that existed in Ireland from the 17th to 19th Century. County Monaghan has several fine examples of such landscapes/demesnes. In a number of cases the original houses and associated buildings have been demolished, but the demesne remains. These landscapes can include tree lined avenues, walled gardens, formal ornamental woodland, grass lawns and other formal features. The estates often included gate lodges, churches and stables blocks. Where the houses or ancillary buildings remain these are listed in the Record of Protected Structures. The lands associated with these historic properties are important from a cultural and historic viewpoint and where the historic houses remain, the associated landscapes are important in preserving the setting of the Protected Structures. Below is a list of the Historic Houses/Demesnes in County Monaghan: k Castle Leslie Estate/Demesne, Glaslough. k Castleshane Demense, Castleshane, Monaghan. k Hope Castle, Castleblayney. k Lough Fea Estate, Carrickmacross. k Hilton Park, Scotshouse. k Dartrey Estate, Rockcorry. k Rossmore Park, Monaghan. k Bessmount, Monaghan. k Ronahans, Liscarney. k Lough Bawn Conservation Plans for complex sites such as demesnes where there is a mix of cultural and natural features across a large area are a useful tool for guiding appropriate development in these areas. DLP 1 To ensure that any new development will not adversely affect the site, setting or views to and from historic houses, gardens and designed landscapes. DLP 2 To require that any proposals for new development in the vicinity of historic houses or demesnes landscapes are accompanied by an evaluation of the impact of the development on the landscape, designed views and vistas to / from such a site. DESIGNED LANDSCAPES POLICIES

5. Page 155

   Cite this pagePDF p. 155 (opens the publisher’s copy in a new tab)
   153 Monaghan County Development Plan 2025 – 2031 chapter 07 transport and infrastructure

6. Page 156

   Cite this pagePDF p. 156 (opens the publisher’s copy in a new tab)
   7.0 INTRODUCTION One of the strategic aims of the Development Plan is to facilitate the development of County Monaghan through the provision of essential infrastructure and services, while minimising the adverse impacts of development on the environment. This strategic aim sets the framework for the formulation of the policies and objectives set out in this chapter. Improved national, regional, county and local infrastructure and services are essential to improve the economic competitiveness and quality of life within the county. Basic infrastructural development and investment in areas such as roads, water, energy, waste and telecommunications are required to promote balanced and sustainable economic development and to improve the quality of the built and natural environment, throughout the County. Investment in infrastructure is heavily reliant upon funding at national government level which is channelled through the National Development Plan 2021-2030 (NDP). The NDP sets out departmental allocations to 2025 with a total public investment of €165 billion over the period 2021-2030 in infrastructural sectors such as national roads, public transport, active travel, environmental infrastructure, sustainable energy, housing and health facilities. County Monaghan, in common with other border counties has a deficient infrastructure network. The road network, which is the only mode of transport in the County, requires additional upgrading at all levels. It is the aim of this Development Plan to improve infrastructure for the County so that it will be an attractive location for new commercial and residential development. Key to the effective provision of infrastructure and services in the County is the consolidation of new and existing development. This will minimise the need to travel, encourage a modal shift to public transport, and cycling and walking, will protect existing and proposed investment in public infrastructure and will ensure that infrastructure and services are delivered in an effective manner. 7.1 TRANSPORT POLICY AND PLANNING The provision and maintenance of an efficient, safe, and sustainable transportation system is essential to delivering the County’s economic goals, an improved quality of life and improved social inclusion. Monaghan County Council seeks to achieve a more balanced and sustainable pattern of movement in the County and aims to facilitate the provision of a greater choice of transport modes. There is a strong interrelationship between land use and transportation. This is reflected in the Settlement Hierarchy endorsed in this Plan which aligns with national policy, to direct a significant portion of future development to the existing footprint/built up area of towns and settlements in order to reduce car dependency and to facilitate the economic provision of public transport. The adoption and implementation of the Core Strategy for Monaghan, Carrickmacross, Castleblayney, Clones and Ballybay and the remaining defined settlements will strengthen this relationship by creating more compact urban forms which facilitate the use of public transport, cycling and walking. It is acknowledged that road transport is the only form of long-distance goods transport available in County Monaghan, therefore investment in the maintenance and improvement of our existing road infrastructure, facilitating changes in the transport energy sector, protection of the carrying capacity of our national road network, and the delivery of new strategic routes are of key importance to the economic and social development of the County. The transport network is invaluable in supporting the provision of utilities such as water and wastewater services, communication technology and energy networks. It is important that provision is made for the maintenance, improvement and expansion of such services, whilst protecting and prioritising the safe and efficient operation and management of the transport network. This Plan will set out a framework of policies to deliver an improvement of the existing transport system and facilities in the County over the Development Plan period. 154 Monaghan County Development Plan 2025 – 2031 ISO 1 To promote and facilitate the sustainable and efficient delivery of public infrastructure. INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE

7. Page 157

   Cite this pagePDF p. 157 (opens the publisher’s copy in a new tab)
   155 TISO 1 To promote and facilitate a sustainable, efficient, and integrated transport system and ease of movement throughout County Monaghan by enhancing the existing and delivering new transport infrastructure in terms of road transport, public transport, cycling and pedestrian facilities, and by promoting more compact urban forms close to existing facilities to encourage more sustainable movement patterns and to reduce carbon emissions. TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE BRO 1 To support and encourage infrastructure that ensures strong cross border transport links. CROSS BORDER STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE Monaghan County Development Plan 2025 – 2031Transport and infrastructurechapter 07 It is also considered necessary to include a specific objective to facilitate the necessary infrastructure required to support cross border connectivity. 7.1.1 THE TRANS-EUROPEAN TRANSPORT NETWORK The European Union (EU) aims to provide a modern integrated transport system that strengthens the EU’s global competitiveness and is able to meet the challenges linked to sustainable, smart and inclusive growth. Through the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) policy, supported by a number of EU funding programmes and initiatives, the EU aims to provide an effective transport infrastructure network across all member states. The N2 Dublin-Derry Road is part of the ‘comprehensive’ TEN-T network which provides all European regions (including peripheral regions) with an accessibility that supports their further economic, social, and territorial development as well as the mobility of their citizens. The connectivity of roads, railway lines, inland waterways, inland and maritime ports, airports, and rail-road terminals throughout all EU Member States is a key factor for the network's efficient, safe, and secure operation, using seamless transport chains for passengers and freight. 7.1.2 PROJECT IRELAND 2040 Project Ireland 2040 is the Government’s overarching policy initiative ‘to make Ireland a better country for all of us, a country that reflects the best of who we are and what we aspire to be.’ From a transport perspective, there are 3 key components of Project Ireland 2040 that set out transport objectives, the National Planning Framework (NPF), the National Development Plan (NDP) and the National Investment Framework for Transport in Ireland (NIFTI). The National Planning Framework (NPF) 2040 One of the principal purposes of preparing the NPF is to allow shared national development goals, including improved living standards, quality of life, prosperity, competitiveness and environmental sustainability, to be more broadly considered. The NPF 2040 identifies and outlines ten National Strategic Outcomes (NSOs). The following NSOs, which are particularly relevant to transport are noted below: NPF 2040 National Strategic Outcome 2 - Enhanced Regional Accessibility: The goal of this Outcome is ‘to enhance accessibility between key urban centres of population and their regions. This means ensuring that all regions and urban areas in the country have a high degree of accessibility to Dublin, as well as to each other. Not every route has to look east and so accessibility and connectivity between places like Cork and Limerick, to give one example, and through the Atlantic Economic Corridor to Galway as well as access to the North-West is essential.’ In the introductory to the Outcome itself, the NPF states that: ‘Better accessibility between the four cities and to the Northern and Western region will enable unrealised potential to be activated as well as better preparing for potential impacts from Brexit.’ The N2 Dublin-Derry national primary road through County Monaghan is the main transport artery between Dublin and the North-West region.

8. Page 158

   Cite this pagePDF p. 158 (opens the publisher’s copy in a new tab)
   156 The National Strategic Outcome 2 objectives are structured under the three headings of ‘Inter-Urban Roads’, ‘Accessibility to the North-West’ and ‘Public Transport’. The objectives under these headings, which are of particular relevance to the proposed Scheme, are provided below: Inter-Urban Roads k ‘Maintaining the strategic capacity and safety of the national roads network including planning for future capacity enhancements.’ k ‘Improving average journey times targeting an average inter-urban speed of 90kph’. Accessibility to the North-West k ‘Upgrading access to the North-West border area, utilising existing routes (N2/N14/A5).’ Public Transport k ‘To strengthen public transport connectivity between cities and large growth towns in Ireland and Northern Ireland with improved services and reliable journey times.’ The importance of enhanced accessibility to the North-West, via key routes, in collaboration with Northern Ireland is further outlined in the NPF National Policy Objective (NPO) below: k NPO 2c - ‘Accessibility from the north-west of Ireland and between centres of scale separate from Dublin will be significantly improved, focused on cities and larger regionally distributed centres and on key east-west and north-south routes.’ The N2/A5 is a key ‘North-South’ route in the context of the objective above, whilst the importance of enhanced accessibility via improved infrastructure is identified in the objectives listed below: k NPO 43 - 'Work with the relevant Departments in Northern Ireland for mutual advantage in areas such as spatial planning, economic development and promotion, co-ordination of social and physical infrastructure provision and environmental protection and management.’ k NPO 46 - ‘In co-operation with relevant Departments in Northern Ireland, enhanced transport connectivity between Ireland and Northern Ireland, to include cross-border road and rail, cycling and walking routes, as well as blueways, greenways and peatways.’ NPF 2040 National Strategic Outcome 3 – Strengthened Rural Economies and Communities: The goal of this Outcome is to support the sustainable development of rural areas by encouraging growth and arresting decline in areas that have experienced low population growths or decline in recent decades. National Strategic Outcome 3 is structured under the heading of ‘Rural Development’. The following sections and objectives are of particular relevance to transport in County Monaghan: k ‘Invest in maintaining regional and local roads and strategic road improvement projects in rural areas to ensure access to critical services such as education, healthcare and employment.’ k NPO 22 - ‘Facilitate the development of a National Greenways, Blueways and Peatways Strategy which prioritises projects achieving maximum impact and connectivity at National and Regional level.’ k NPO 27 - ‘Ensure the integration of safe and convenient alternatives to the car into the design of our communities, by prioritising walking and cycling accessibility to both existing and proposed developments and integrating physical activity facilities for all ages.’ NPF 2040 National Strategic Outcome 4 – Sustainable Mobility: The NPF introduces sustainable mobility as ‘The provision of a well-functioning, integrated public transport system, enhancing competitiveness, sustaining economic progress and enabling sustainable mobility choices for citizens, supports the overall Framework objectives.’ Under the heading of Public Transport, it outlines the objective to: ‘Expand attractive public transport alternatives to car transport to reduce congestion and emissions and enable the transport sector to cater for the demands associated with longer term population and employment growth in a sustainable manner through the following measures’: k ‘…provide public transport infrastructure and services to meet the needs of smaller towns, villages and rural areas;’ k ‘Develop a comprehensive network of safe cycling routes in metropolitan areas to address travel needs and to provide similar facilities in towns and villages where appropriate.’ Monaghan County Development Plan 2025 – 2031

9. Page 159

   Cite this pagePDF p. 159 (opens the publisher’s copy in a new tab)
   157 NPF 2040 National Strategic Outcome 9 - Sustainable Management of Water, Waste and other Environmental Resources: k NPO 54 - ‘Reduce our carbon footprint by integrating climate action into the planning system in support of national targets for climate policy mitigation and adaptation objectives, as well as targets for greenhouse gas emissions reductions. k NPO 64 - ‘Improve air quality and help prevent people being exposed to unacceptable levels of pollution in our urban and rural areas through integrated land use and spatial planning that supports public transport, walking and cycling as more favourable modes of transport to the private car, the promotion of energy efficient buildings and homes, heating systems with zero local emissions, green infrastructure planning and innovative design solutions.’ k NPO 65 - ‘Promote the pro-active management of noise where it is likely to have significant adverse impacts on health and quality of life and support the aims of the Environmental Noise Regulations through national planning guidance and Noise Action Plans.’ The National Development Plan (NDP) The NDP 2018-2027 was published alongside the NPF as part of Project Ireland 2040 and sets out the framework and broad direction for investment priorities to support the delivery of projects to further the ten National Strategic Outcomes (“NSOs”) identified in the NPF 2040. NDP 2021-2030 sets out future capital spending proposals for investment in infrastructure. In October 2020, the Government pledged to review and extend the funding detailed in the NDP to further support public transport projects enhancing regional and rural connectivity and facilitate investment in ports and infrastructure, and the NDP 2021-2030 was subsequently published. It provides a €35 billion transport system investment package to enhance public transport, active travel options and the connectivity of communities. The NDP lists two road schemes to be progressed through pre-appraisal and early planning along the N2 national primary road in County Monaghan. Sustainable transport and active travel are also supported: k NSO3 – Government funding of €360 million has been committed to the development of walking and cycling infrastructure all over Ireland, including in towns and villages in more rural areas of the Country. k NSO4 – Sustainable Mobility deals with the decarbonisation of transport to secure Ireland’s climate action goals. The NDP supports the provisions of the Sustainable Mobility Policy and Climate Action Plan. k NSO7 – This objective includes encouraging a significant modal shift through greater levels of investment and further development of meaningful alternatives to private car. The National Investment Framework for Transport in Ireland (NIFTI) Published by the Department of Transport (DoT) in 2021, NIFTI is the DoT’s high-level strategic framework to support the consideration and prioritisation of future investment in land transport. It represents the Department’s contribution to Project Ireland 2040, and sits alongside other Government priorities and policy objectives, such as the Programme for Government and Climate Action Plan. As the economy has grown in recent years, transport activity and emissions have risen also, and the correlation between emissions and economic growth must be broken. This will require considerable investment in walking, cycling and public transport, which will also bring environmental benefits in terms of air quality and noise pollution. It is essential that sustainable mobility alternatives take account of the needs of transport users whose experience has not always been well considered in the design of transport systems to provide viable alternatives to car travel that are accessible to all. NIFTI emphasises the need for improved co-ordination between transport and spatial planning. This ensures that future transport investment aligns with the National Strategic Outcomes with the following guiding principles: k Maintenance of the strategic elements of the land transport system, k Addressing urban congestion through (inter alia) expanding walking and cycling infrastructure and improved access to and capacity for public transport, and k Maximising the contribution of land transport networks to national and regional development objectives by enhancing the efficiency of the existing network, improving connectivity, and providing access to poorly served regions and by addressing critical safety issues and supporting national and regional spatial planning priorities. Monaghan County Development Plan 2025 – 2031Transport and infrastructurechapter 07

10. Page 160

    Cite this pagePDF p. 160 (opens the publisher’s copy in a new tab)
    7.1.3 CLIMATE ACTION The National Climate Action Plan (CAP) The National Climate Action Plan (CAP) 2024 is the third annual update to Ireland’s Climate Action Plan 2019 and the second to be prepared under the Climate Action and Low Carbon Development (Amendment) Act 2021. It builds on the introduction of carbon budgets and sectoral emissions ceilings in Climate Action Plan 2023 and sets a course for Ireland’s targets to halve emissions by 2030 and reach net-zero no later than 2050. The transport sector accounted for 17.7% of greenhouse gas emissions in 2021. In relation to transport, the CAP notes ‘Meeting our 2030 transport abatement targets will require transformational change and accelerated action across the transport sector. Key targets to remain within the sectoral emissions ceiling include a 20% reduction in total vehicle kilometres travelled relative to businessas-usual, a 50% reduction in fossil fuel usage, a significant behavioural shift from private car usage to increase the total share of journeys undertaken by walking, cycling or public transport, and continued electrification of our vehicle fleets.’ While fleet electrification and the use of renewable transport fuels will continue to provide the greatest share of emissions abatement in the medium term, we will continue to expand our walking, cycling and public transport networks in order to reorient our transport systems to a more sustainable basis and to facilitate widespread behavioural change to a healthier, safer, and more people-focused vision for transport. We will continue to pursue policy measures that promote greater efficiency in our transport system, allied with significant investment in sustainable alternatives, incentives and regulatory measures to promote the accelerated take-up of low carbon technologies’. One of the transport policies includes, ‘Accelerate the implementation of smart and sustainable mobility projects through the Smart and Sustainable Mobility Accelerator project….’ Measures to deliver sectoral emissions ceiling targets are set out under the fifteen key work programmes, and the proposed decarbonisation pathway has accounted for expected levels of demographic and economic growth, and the balance of work programmes is duly cognisant of potential adverse impacts on vulnerable cohorts in the AVOID/SHIFT/IMPROVE measures selected. 158 FIGURE 7.1 NATIONAL CLIMATE ACTION PLAN 23/24 WORK PROGRAMMES ENHANCED GOVERNANCE AND ACCELERATing IMPLEMENTATION COMMUNICATIONS AND ENGAGEMENT STRATEGY ROAD HAULAGE STRATEGY ENHANCing SPATIAL AND LAND-USE PLANNING STRATEGIC TRANSPORT PLANNING DEMAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ROAD-SPACE REALLOCATION ACTIVE TRAVEL AND ACCESSIBILITY MAJOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE PT SERVICES INVESTMENT AND RURAL MOBILITY PROGRAMME SMART, SHARED AND INTEGRATED MOBILITY DECARBONISING PT AND SCHOOL TRANSPORT SERVICES ZEvI POLICY AND EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE RENEWABLE FUELS FOR TRANSPORT ADAPTATION FOR ENHANCED CLIMATE RESILIENCE Source: Government of Ireland, Climate Action Plan 2024 Pg 242. Key performance indicators set out how carbon abatement will be measured, and key actions set out how this abatement will be delivered. New indicators have been introduced, and certain CAP21 indicators have been reframed, to make clear how transformative the level of system change required will be. These revised national indicators include: k A reduction in total kilometres driven of 20%, k To reduce our fuel use in transport by 50%, k To have nearly 1 in 3 cars on the road as a battery electric vehicle; and k To reduce the modal share of daily car journeys from over 70% to c. 50% by 2030. Monaghan County Development Plan 2025 – 2031

Source Monaghan County Council: Monaghan County Development Plan 2025–2031 (2025–2031) · Licence the publisher's termsText read from the publisher’s PDF; tables, maps and drawings do not survive as text, and page numbers are the PDF’s (its first page is 1). Check the original before relying on a passage.