Wind Energy Development Guidelines

1. Page 111

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   Planning Guidelines Land Use: The activities that take place within a given area of space. LIA : Landscape Impact Assessment. Megawatt & Kilowatts: Used as a measurement of electrical generating capacity. A megawatt (MW) is equal to 1,000 kilowatts (kW) or 1,000,000 watts (W). Mitigation: Measures designed to avoid, reduce, remedy or compensate for adverse environmental effects that are identified. Monitoring: Repetitive and continued observation, measurement and evaluation of environmental data to follow changes over a period of time, to assess the efficiency of control measures. Natura 2000 Site: Designated European Site. In combination Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas will constitute Natura 2000 network of protected sites for habitats and species across the EU. Natural heritage: Refers to habitats and species of flora and fauna. NBP: National Biodiversity Plan (2002), prepared in response to Article 6 of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Noise: Any sound that has the potential to cause disturbance, discomfort or psychological stress to a subject exposed to it. Described as “unwanted sound”. Noise Sensitive Location: In the case of wind energy development, this includes any occupied dwelling house, hostel, health building or place of worship and may include areas of particular scenic quality or special recreational amenity importance. Photomontage: Image whereby an impression of a potential development is superimposed upon an actual photograph. RMP: Record of Monuments and Places, the county maps showing the archaeological sites and accompanying manuals. 105

2. Page 112

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   RPS: Record of Protected Structures, a record of protected structures in the functional area of the Planning Authority and contains an identifying number and address for each protected structure and one or more maps which identifies the location of each protected structure. SAC: Special Area of Conservation under Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), designated for rare, vulnerable and endangered habitats and species (e.g. plants, mammals and fish), listed in Annexes I and II. Scoping: Process of identifying the significant issues that should be addressed by a particular Environmental Impact Assessment. Sensitivity: Potential for significant change to any element in the environment that is subject to impacts. Shadow Flicker – Term used to describe the short-lived effect of shadows cast by rotating blades of wind turbines when the sun passes behind them, which occurs under certain combinations of geographical positions and time of day. SPA: Special Protection Area under Birds Directive (79/409/EEC), designated for bird species listed in Annex I of the Directive, in particular internationally important concentrations of migratory and wetland birds. Designation is focused on habitats of these species. Substation: Connects the local electricity network to the electrical system of the wind energy project through a series of automatic safety switches. Threshold: Magnitude of a project, which if exceeded, will trigger the requirement for an Environmental Impact Assessment. TPER: Total Primary Energy Requirement. VAC: Visual Absorption Capacity. This attempts to measure the inherent ability of a landscape to absorb development without 106lanning Guidelines

3. Page 113

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   Planning Guidelines loss of visual integrity, i.e., still maintain its visual character. The more complex the landscape, the higher the VAC. VPs: View points. VRPs: Viewshed Reference Points. Those locations from where visibility of the proposed wind energy development might be provided. Wire frame/wireline diagram: Computer generated diagrams that illustrate how development will appear upon landforms from identified viewpoints. A useful tool to illustrate visual impact, especially when used in combination with photographs from the same view. ZVI: Zone of Visual Influence: Provides a visual representation, usually presented as a map with markings or colourings, of the area over which a site and/or a proposed development may be visible. ZTV: Zone of Theoretical Visibility. The maps produced are theoretical because they estimate exposure of proposed development based upon landform data only, and take no account of intermittent screening by vegetation or structures. ZTV maps estimate visibility of the proposed development in the surrounding landscape and not its “visual influence”. 107

4. Page 114

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   Appendix 6 References Burton, T., Sharpe, D., Jenkins, N., & Bossyani E., Wind Energy Handbook Church J.M., Hodgetts N.G., Preston C.D. & Stewart N.F. (2004) British Red Data Books: Mosses and Liverworts. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough. Church J.M., Coppins B.J., Gilbert O.L. et al. (1996) Red Data Books of Britain & Ireland: Lichens. Volume 1: Britain. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough. COMHAR (2001) Principles for Sustainable Development COMHAR (National Sustainable Development Partnership) Dublin Cork County Council /Wind Consult /Gestanga/MosArt (2000) Wind Energy and Landscape: Co. Cork Planning Study (Altener Project AL/98/542) Final Report Cork County Council Curtis T.G.F & McGough H.N (1988) Irish Red Data Book 1. Vascular Plants. Stationery Office, Dublin. Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands (1999), Framework and Principles for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands (2002) National Biodiversity Plan Department of the Environment, Heritage & Local Government (2003) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidance for Consent Authorities regarding Sub- Threshold Development. Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (2002) Implementation of the National Climate Change Strategy - Progress Report 108lanning Guidelines

5. Page 115

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   Planning Guidelines Department of the Environment & Local Government (2002) National Spatial Strategy 2002-2020 Department of the Environment & Local Government (2000) National Climate Change Strategy Dept of the Environment & Welsh Office (1993) Planning Policy Guidance: PPG22: Renewable Energy. Annex. HMSO, London Department of the Marine & Natural Resources (2001) Offshore Electricity Generating Stations – Note for Intending Developers Department of Public Enterprise (1999) Green Paper on Sustainable Energy Dept of Trade & Industry UK (ETSU) (1996) The Assessment and Rating of Noise from Wind Farms Energy Technology Support Unit Douthwaite, R. (Ed), (2003) Before the Wells Run Dry. Feasta (Foundation for the Economics of Sustainability), Lilliput Press (Dis.) Duddleston, A., (2000) Public Attitudes towards Wind Farms in Scotland: Results of a Residents Survey Scottish Executive Central Research Unit, Edinburgh Environmental Protection Agency (2002) Guidelines on the Information to be Contained in Environmental Impact Statements EPA Wexford Environmental Protection Agency (2003) Advice Notes on Current Practice (in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements) EPA Wexford Environmental Protection Agency (2003) Environmental Noise Survey - Guidance Document EPA Wexford European Communities (2001) Assessment of Plans and Projects Significantly Affecting Natura 2000 Sites. Methodological Guidance on the Provisions of Article 6(3) & (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EE Office for Official Publications of European Communities, Luxembourg. 109

6. Page 116

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   Fossitt, J.A. (2000) A Guide to Habitats in Ireland Heritage Council, Kilkenny Galvin, P. (2001) BirdWatch Ireland Policy on Wind farms. BWI Policy. Gilbert, G.; Gibbons, D.W. & Evans, J. (1998) Bird Monitoring Methods – A Manual of Techniques for Key UK Species. RSPB, Sandy. Institute of Geologists of Ireland (2002) Geology in Environmental Impact Statements - A Guide Dublin Institute of Public Administration/CAAS Environmental Services (1994) EIS Evaluation Handbook for Local Authorities IPA Dublin Irish Energy Centre Renewable Energy Information Office (2000) (now SEI) Development Plans and Renewable Energy Landscape Institute & Institute of Environmental Management and Auditing (UK) (2002) Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment. 2nd Edition, Spon Press, London Madders, M. (2002) Survey Methods to Assess Wind Farm Impacts on Upland Bird Communities. Scottish Natural Heritage. Møller & Grønborg AS (1996) Wind Turbines in harmony with the landscape Løgstør Municipality, Denmark MORI Scotland. (2002) Tourist Attitudes Towards Wind Farms. Scottish Renewables Forum & British Wind Energy Association. National Assembly for Wales (1996) Renewable Energy - Planning Guidance (Wales), Technical Advice Note (Wales) 8 National Parks and Wildlife/Birdwatch Ireland/Irish Raptor Study Group (2003) Recommended methodology for assessment of impacts of proposed wind farms on breeding hen harrier within the known range of the species in Ireland. Newton, S., Donaghy, A., Allen, D. & Gibbons, D. (1999) Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland. Irish Birds 6, 333-344. 110lanning Guidelines

7. Page 117

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   Planning Guidelines Norriss, D.W., Marsh, J., McMahon, D. & Oliver, G.A. (2002) A National Survey of Breeding Hen Harriers circus cyaneus in Ireland 1998-2000 Irish Birds 7: 1-10. Parsons, A., Hunt J., & McGrath B., (2002) Review of the Implications for Heritage of the Expansion of the Wind Industry in Ireland Report prepared for Heritage Council. Pasqualetti, M. J., P. Gipe and R. W. Righter (Eds.), (2002) Wind Power in View – Energy Landscapes in a Crowded World. Academic Press. Percival, S. M. (2003) Birds and Wind Farms in Ireland: A Review of Potential Issues and Impact Assessment. Report to Sustainable Energy Ireland. Pilcher, J. & Hall V (2001) Flora Hibernica Collins Press. Cork . PREDAC Spatial planning of Wind Turbines Guidelines & Comparisons of European Experiences France. Renewable Energy Strategy Group (2000) Strategy for Intensifying Wind Energy Deployment, Stationery Office, Dublin. Scottish Executive (2002) PAN (Planning Advice Note) 45, Renewable Energy Technologies, Revised, The Scottish Office, Edinburgh. Scottish Executive (2001) NPPG (National Planning Policy Guideline) 6, Renewable Energy Development, The Scottish Office, Edinburgh. Scottish Natural Heritage (2001), Guidelines in the Environmental Impacts of Wind Farms and Small Scale Hydroelectric Schemes Redgorton, Perth Stanton, C., (1996) The Landscape Impact and Visual Design of Wind Farms School of Landscape Architecture, (Landscape Publication NoLP/9603) Herriot Watt University, Edinburgh Sustainable Energy Ireland (2003) Attitudes towards the Development of Wind Farms in Ireland. 111

8. Page 118

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   Sustainable Energy Ireland. (2003) Wind Atlas for Ireland. Trocmé, M. ed. (2002) COST 341. Habitat Fragmentation Due to Transport Infrastructure: The European Review. European Commission. Brussels. Transmission System Operator (Annual) Forecast Statement Ireland. University of Newcastle (2002) Visual Assessment of Wind Farms Best Practice. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report F01AA303A. Watson D. (1977) The Hen Harrier, T&AD Poyser, Berkhamsted. Watson D. (1997) The Golden Eagle, T&AD Poyser, London. Whilde, A.(1993) Threatened Mammals, Birds, Amphibians and Fish in Ireland. Irish Red Data Book 2. Vertebrates. HMSO, Belfast. 112lanning Guidelines

9. Page 119

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Source Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government: Wind Energy Development Guidelines (June 2006) · Licence the publisher's termsText read from the publisher’s PDF; tables, maps and drawings do not survive as text, and page numbers are the PDF’s (its first page is 1). Check the original before relying on a passage.